The United States voiced concern Thursday about Iran's new space launch, saying it would help the clerical state's missile program, but indicated it was still pursuing diplomacy to return to a nuclear deal.

"The United States remains concerned with Iran's development of space launch vehicles, which pose a significant proliferation concern," a State Department spokesperson said after Iran announced it had sent three research cargo units into space.

The space launch vehicles "incorporate technologies that are virtually identical to, and interchangeable with, those used in ballistic missiles, including longer-range systems," the spokesperson said.

The spokesperson contended that Iran's space launches also violate UN Security Council Resolution 2231, which blessed a 2015 nuclear deal and called upon Iran not to carry out work on ballistic missiles with the potential to carry nuclear warheads.

Former president Donald Trump pulled the United States out of the deal three years later and imposed sweeping sanctions.

President Joe Biden backs a return to the talks, with US negotiator Rob Malley again in Vienna for European-brokered negotiations on reviving the so-called Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).

"Iran's nuclear program was effectively constrained by the JCPOA," the spokesperson said.

"The previous administration released them from those constraints, making all the other concerns we have about Iranian policy, including their provocative ballistic missile program, still more dangerous.

"That is why we are seeking a mutual return to full compliance with the deal."

The Biden administration has been disappointed by the pace of the talks, with Iran electing a new hardline president and demanding a sweeping lift of sanctions beyond the offer of Washington.

Since tensions with Iran under the Trump administration, analysts say Tehran has made major advances in its missile program, as demonstrated in a 2020 air strike on a base in Iraq used by US forces.

Iran announces new space launch during nuclear talks
Tehran (AFP) Dec 30, 2021 - Iran on Thursday said it has carried out a new space launch, sparking concern in Washington which said such moves show the need to revive a 2015 nuclear deal.

Tehran successfully put its first military satellite into orbit in April 2020, drawing a sharp rebuke from the United States.

Western governments worry that satellite launch systems incorporate technologies interchangeable with those used in ballistic missiles capable of delivering a nuclear warhead.

Iran insists its space programme is for civilian and defence purposes only, and does not breach the nuclear deal or any other international agreement.

"The United States remains concerned with Iran's development of space launch vehicles, which pose a significant proliferation concern," a State Department spokesperson said.

Iran's state broadcaster aired footage of a rocket rising from a desert launchpad, but gave no details of its location.

"The Simorgh (Phoenix) satellite launcher carried three research cargos into space," said Ahmad Hosseini, spokesman for the defence ministry's space division.

"The research goals foreseen for this launch have been achieved," he added, quoted by state television.

Earlier this month US media reported that preparations for a launch were under way at Iran's space centre in Semnan, 300 kilometres (190 miles) east of Tehran.

Hosseini did not elaborate on the nature of the research, but he said the latest operation was a "preliminary launch" and that more would follow.

- Vienna talks see 'progress' -

In February, Iran announced it had launched its most powerful solid fuel rocket to date, the Zoljanah, boasting that it can put a 220-kilogramme (480-pound) payload into orbit.

The United States voiced concern about that launch, saying the test could boost Iran's ballistic missile technology at a time when the two nations are inching back to diplomacy.

According to the Pentagon and satellite imagery of the Semnan centre, an Iranian satellite launch failed in mid-June, reports denied by Tehran.

Iran's declared new space launch comes with talks underway in Vienna between the Islamic republic and world powers to restore the 2015 nuclear agreement.

Negotiators from Britain, France and Germany on Tuesday described the talks as "urgent". They warned that "we are nearing the point where Iran's escalation of its nuclear programme will have completely hollowed out" the deal.

The parties to the 2015 agreement with Iran saw it as the best way to stop the Islamic republic from building a nuclear bomb -- a goal Tehran has always denied.

It offered Tehran much-needed relief from economic sanctions and curtailed Iran's nuclear activities.

But the unilateral withdrawal by then-US president Donald Trump in 2018 derailed the pact, and prompted Tehran to start reneging on its commitments under it.

Talks to revive it began in late November, and the latest round began on Monday in Vienna.

On Thursday, Iran's chief negotiator Ali Bagheri said "relatively satisfactory progress" has been made.

"Some written changes on the lifting of sanctions were established between the two parties," Bagheri, said in a video published by Tasnim news agency.

- 'Constraints' -

UN Security Council Resolution 2231 of 2015, endorsing the nuclear deal, imposed no blanket ban on Iranian rocket or missile launches.

But it called on it "not to undertake any activity related to ballistic missiles designed to be capable of delivering nuclear weapons, including launches using such ballistic missile technology".

The State Department spokesperson contended that Iran's space launches violate Resolution 2231.

"Iran's nuclear programme was effectively constrained by the JCPOA," the spokesperson said, referring to the 2015 nuclear deal.

"The previous administration released them from those constraints, making all the other concerns we have about Iranian policy, including their provocative ballistic missile program, still more dangerous.

"That is why we are seeking a mutual return to full compliance with the deal."

Britain, China, France, Germany and Russia are taking part in the Vienna talks with Iran, while the United States is participating indirectly.

"There may have been some modest progress," State Department spokesman Ned Price said Tuesday.

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US sees possible progress in Iran nuclear talks
Vienna (AFP) Dec 28, 2021
The United States said Tuesday it had seen possible progress in talks with Iran but joined European negotiators in pressing for urgency in rolling back Tehran's nuclear programme. Negotiations resumed Monday in Vienna in a fresh push to make headway on reviving a landmark 2015 agreement that curtailed Iran's nuclear activities in return for sanctions relief. "There may have been some modest progress," State Department spokesman Ned Price told reporters in Washington. "But it is in some ways ... read more

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