“Commercially available Moon and Mars regolith, chemically altered by contact with Earth’s oxygen-rich atmosphere, is not suitable for testing, says Prof. Chatzitheodoridis. “Accordingly the project team is looking into creating their own simulants in controlled environments. We will additionally use lunar and Martian meteorites to test the instrument, but also plan to apply to NASA for actual lunar samples for testing.”

“The aim is that the prospecting detector should be smaller than a paperback book”, says Dr Ioannis Markopoulos, heading the 01 Mechatronics company, planning to produce a prototype detector. “It is likely that astronauts would find it useful across the entire span of any mission to the Moon and Mars.”