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How carrying enough water to make return-trip propellant simplifies a Starship mission to Mars

Written by  Donald Rapp Friday, 12 September 2025 12:00
A SpaceX illustration of Starship launching from a city on Mars. Credit: SpaceX

The idea of a human mission to explore Mars has been studied repeatedly over the past 75 years. More than 1,000 piloted Mars mission studies were conducted inside and outside NASA between about 1950 and 2000. Many were the product of NASA and industry study teams, while others were the work of committed individuals or […]

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